UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON – DOWNTOWN

ENGR 4410 - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE INSTRUMENTATION

LECTURE NOTE OUTLINE – THERMAL STRESS – CHAPTER 12

 

 

I.                    Degrees of Thermal Stress

A.                 Comfort Zones

B.                 Discomfort Zones

C.                 Outer Zones

 

II.                 Thermal Balance

A.                 Model

B.                 Affecting Factors

 

III.               Heat Stress

A.                 Recognition

B.                 Heat-Related Disorders (Table 12-A)

C.                 Physiological Markers

D.                 Worker Behaviors

E.                  Summary of Recognition

 

IV.              Evaluation of Heat Stress

A.                 Core Temperature

B.                 Physiological Strain

C.                 Overview of ACGIH TLVs

D.                 Assessment of Metabolic Rate

E.                  Assessment of Environmental Conditions

F.                  Prolonged Exposures

G.                 Evaluation of Time-Limited Exposures

1.                  WBGT

2.                  Heat Balance

3.                  Physiological Strain

 

V.                 Control of Heat Stress

A.                 Training

B.                 Hygiene Practices

1.                  Fluid Replacement

2.                  Self-determination

3.                  Diet

4.                  Lifestyle

5.                  Health Status

6.                  Acclimation

7.                  Medical Surveillance

8.                  Evaluation of Risk

C.                 Specific Controls

1.                  Engineering Controls

2.                  Reduce physical work demand

3.                  Reduce air temperature and/or air humidity

4.                  Change clothing

5.                  Reduce radiant heat

6.                  Increase air movement

7.                  Acclimation

8.                  Work pacing, sharing, and scheduling work

9.                  Work times, self-determination, and personal monitoring

10.              Personal protection

11.              Circulating air and water systems; ice garments

12.              Reflective clothing

13.              Respirator considerations

 

VI.              Cold Stress

A.                 Considerations

B.                 Measurement

C.                 Recognition

D.                 Evaluation

1.      Systemic

2.      Local

E.                  General Controls

F.                  Specific Controls

G.                 Thermal Comfort

 

UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON – DOWNTOWN

ENGR 4410 - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE INSTRUMENTATION

LECTURE NOTE OUTLINE – ERGONOMICS – CHAPTER 13

 

I.                    Ergonomics Definition

 

II.                 Human as Information Processor

A.                 Nervous System

1.                  Central

2.                  Peripheral

3.                  Autonomic

B.                 Sensors

1.                  Internal

2.                  External

C.                 “Signal Loop”

D.                 Responding to Stimuli

 

III.               Human Capacity for Work

A.                 Properties of Workload Measures

B.                 Human Capacity for Mental Work

C.                 Measuring Mental Workload

D.                 Human Capacity for Physical Work

E.                  Energy Cost of Work

F.                  Classification of Work

G.                 Work/Rest Cycles

H.                 Fatigue

 

            V.        Engineering Anthropometry

                  A.        Civilian Body Dimensions

            B.         Anthropometric Statistics

C.        Determining Percentiles

D.        Phantom of Average Person

E.                  Designing to Fit the Human Body

F.         Population Changes

VI.       Biomechanics

A.                 Body Strength/Measurements

B.                 Model of Strength Generation

C.                 Measuring Techniques

 

VII.      Handling Loads

A.                 Keys of Load Handling

B.                 Training

1.                  Techniques

2.                  What/Who

3.                  Content of Training

4.                  Review of Training

 

VIII.     Design of Work Task and Workplace

A.                 Human vs. Machine Load Handling

B.                 Rules for Lifting

C.                 Permissible Load Handling

D.                 Limits for Lifting and Lowering, etc.

E.                  Use of Back Belts

 

IX.              Hand Tools

 

X.                 Workstation Design

A.                 General Principles

B.                 Standing or Sitting

 

XI.              Workplace Design

 

XII.            Office (Computer) Workstations

A.                 Work Task

B.                 Body Position

C.                 Healthy Work Postures

D.                 Designing for Vision, Manipulation, and Body Support

E.                  Designing Sit Down Workstations

F.                  Designing Stand Up Workstations

G.                 Designing the Home Office

H.                 Fitting all Together

 

XIII.         Controls and Displays

A.                 Light Signals

B.                 Labels

 

XIV.         Avoiding Cumulative Trauma Disorders

A.                 CTDs in Industry and Keyboard Users

B.                 CTD Causes

C.                 Work Factors for CTDs

D.                 Cumulative Injuries to the Body

E.                  Body Components at Risk for CTDs

1.                  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2.                  Occupational Activities and Related CTDs

F.                  Countermeasures